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Saudi affordable housing push should boost rebar demand 1 Views Saudi government-owned National Housing Company signed 18 new agreements with private developers in the first half of 2021 to construct more than 12,000 housing units. This is likely to provide a boost to rebar demand in the kingdom and aid the post-Covid-19 recovery, Kallanish notes. During the Sakani Programme forum held in Riyadh on Tuesday, NHC executive president Al-Butti revealed NHC aims to complete 147,000 housing units in the next few years for Saudi families at affordable prices starting from SAR 300,000 ($80,000). Sakani is a real estate initiative to support and enable Saudi citizens to own their first home. Apart from Sakani, the Iskan Programme aims to enable Saudi house ownership to reach 70% by 2030, in light of the kingdom’s economic diversification plan known as “Vision2030”. Riyadh will double from 7.7 million residents now to about 15-20m in 2030. In the Al-Gwan suburb alone, 73,000 housing units will be distributed. In the first half of 2021 the kingdom tendered $58 billion worth of overall construction and transportation contracts, out of $1 trillion of planned projects, according to MEED. Separately, the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Commerce granted six steel export licences until the end of May. The new licences come as construction activity begins to recover following the postponement of many projects during the coronavirus pandemic. Steel is a driving material in the construction business, and boosting construction and infrastructure projects increases the appetite of steelmakers. Burak Odabasi Turkey
China warns against 'blind' carbon neutral policies 1 Views At the China National Development and Reform Commission's press conference on Wednesday, NDRC spokesperson Meng Wei pointed out that China will correct “blind” policies issued in the name of carbon neutrality. This is because some local governments and companies hope to make significant progress in carbon neutrality in the short term. This will deviate from the goal of stable development and cause some high energy-consuming companies to be forced to suspend production or produce false results in order to declare rewards. In order to achieve its established carbon neutrality goals, China has promoted the development of the carbon market and required various industries to formulate corresponding development plans, Kallanish notes. The statement on Wednesday emphasises China's view that it is these medium-term plans that should define carbon policies, and not short-term measures which could disrupt markets. Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment, stated that since the official launch of China's national carbon market on 16 July, 4.5 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions from 2,162 coal-fired power generation companies have been included in the carbon market. In the past month since the opening of the market, the cumulative transaction volume of China's carbon market emission allowances has reached 7.02 million tonnes, and the cumulative transaction price was CNY 355 million ($54.78m). The department is formulating the "Interim Regulations on the Management of Carbon Emissions Trading" to regulate carbon trading. For the Chinese steel industry, completing the ultra-low emissions transformation and reducing carbon emissions as much as possible during the production process is an important part of upgrading the industry. The China Metallurgical Chamber of Commerce stated that China's steel industry has not yet reached peak carbon emissions, but will gradually reduce the increase in carbon emissions starting this year. Relevant departments should actually measure the emissions of various steel plants and set production limits based on different emissions, it added. A senior analyst at Baosteel believes that achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the steel industry requires reducing steel demand to some extent and extending the service life of buildings. At the same time, steel mills need a lot of funds to change the energy structure and increase the consumption of scrap and hydrogen-based direct reduced iron, which also leads to an increase in steel costs. By Kallanish Team
Dow voorspelt niet veel goeds voor morgen.
HYBRIT Delivers World’s First Fossil Free Steel to Volvo SSAB has now produced the world’s first fossil-free steel and delivered it to a customer. The trial delivery is an important step on the way to a completely fossil-free value chain for iron and steelmaking and a milestone in the HYBRIT partnership between SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall. In July, SSAB Oxelösund rolled the first steel produced using HYBRIT technology, i.e., reduced by 100% fossil-free hydrogen instead of coal and coke, with good results. The steel is now being delivered to the first customer, the Volvo Group. SSAB President & CEO Mr Martin Lindqvist said “The first fossil-free steel in the world is not only a breakthrough for SSAB, it represents proof that it’s possible to make the transition and significantly reduce the global carbon footprint of the steel industry. We hope that this will inspire others to also want to speed up the green transition,” SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall created HYBRIT, Hydrogen Breakthrough Ironmaking Technology, in 2016, with the aim of developing a technology for fossil free iron and steelmaking. ? The pilot facility for the production of fossil-free sponge iron in Luleå was commissioned on 31 August 2020. ? On 24 March 2021, Gällivare was chosen as the location for the planned demonstration facility for industrial scale production. Sponge iron is used to make steel. ? In May 2021, construction commenced of a storage facility for fossil-free hydrogen gas on a pilot scale next to HYBRIT’s pilot facility for direct reduction in Luleå. Using HYBRIT technology, SSAB has the potential to reduce Sweden’s total carbon dioxide emissions by approximately ten per cent and Finland’s by approximately seven per cent. Source - Strategic Research Institute
Tata Steel Commissions Modern Steel Recycling Plant in Rohtak Tata Steel has commissioned its new 0.5 million tonne per annum Steel Recycling Plant at Rohtak in Haryana in India. The plant has been set up in collaboration with Aarti Green Tech Ltd, as a Build, Own, Operate partner. It is the first such facility in India, equipped with modern & mechanised equipment such as shredder, baler, material handler etc. The scrap would be procured from various market segments such as end of life vehicles, obsolete households, construction & demolition, industrial etc, through an App FerroHaat. The scrap would then be processed through mechanised equipment and the high-quality processed scrap would be supplied for downstream steel making. Steel produced through the recycled route entails lower carbon emissions, resource consumption & energy utilisation. Simultaneously, Tata Steel has also launched two new brands Tata FerroBaled and Tata FerroShred for the baled & shredded ferrous scrap produced in its new facility. These products are high quality processed scrap & they promise to provide the much-needed raw material fillip to Indian steel industry by making available quality processed ferrous scrap and reducing the dependency on imports. Both Tata FerroBaled & Tata FerroShred promise high cleanliness, low contamination, high bulk density, lower tramp elements & no radioactivity. The products would be accompanied with Test Certificates, another first for the scrap industry, along with value propositions like higher yield, better productivity, lower conversion costs, lower transportation & handling costs and overall a better quality. Source - Strategic Research Institute
Protesters Wont Allow RINL Sale Advisors Entry inside Plant Express News Service reported that the agitation against the strategic sale of Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd, being spearheaded by Visakha Ukku Parirakshana Porata Committee, gained further momentum with a large number of steel workers laying siege to the Vizag steel plant’s administrative block on Tuesday. Braving the rain, they picketed the building for over three hours, and did not allow officials, employees and workers to enter it apart from restricting vehicular movement in the area. The entire area reverberated with ‘Visakha Ukku Andhrula Hakku’ and ‘Modi Hatao Steel Plant Bachao’ slogans by the steel plant workers. Addressing them, the porata committee leaders warned the steel plant management that they will not allow any advisors appointed by the Centre for the 100 per cent disinvestment of RINL to enter the steel plant. They warned “The privatisation is a grand plan by the BJP government to hand over the steel plant to the party’s henchmen. Telugu people will not stay quiet if the plant, which has been providing succour to over a lakh people, is privatised.” They added the agitation is gaining strength with each passing day and they will not let the government to go ahead with its plan. Source - Strategic Research Institute
ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih Production Increases in H1 2021 Ukraine based ArcelorMittal Kryvy Rih has increased production in all areas in 6 months of 2021 in comparison to H1 of 2020. ArcelorMittal Kryvy Rih said “The beginning of 2021 was not easy for mining and metallurgical industry since the prices on freight transport and raw materials have significantly increased. Moreover, because of the increase in customs duties rate, the company has redirected its distribution and changed the traditional markets, such as Egypt, UAE, Saudi Arabia for Latin America, and China. However, due to the operation of all four blast furnaces and increased productivity of sinter plant No 2, which is one of the key facilities in environmental modernization investment program, the production figures of ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih have increased. Ore production - 13.1 million tonnes, up by 3% YoY - Bulk coke with 6% moisture content - 1.5 million tonnes, up by 15% YoY - Concentrate - 5.4 million tonnes, up by 4% YoY - Sinter - 4.9 million tonnes, up by 7% YoY - Hot metal - 2.8 million tonnes, up by 12% YoY - Steel - 2.5 million tonnes, up by 4% YoY - Rolled products - 2.3 million tonnes, up by 5% YoY ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih Chief Operating Officer Mr Serhii Lavrynenko said “This year we have finished capital repair of the blast furnace No 8, which was stopped in H2 2020, and modernized the 5th sinter machine at Sinter Shop No 2, this has helped us to increase the production of hot metal and steel. Moreover, we managed to grow coke output by 11.5%. For the first time in the last 6 years we have achieved the productivity level of 61 KT per month on the rolling mill and 31 KT on light-section wire rod mill No 6. We will finish the reconstruction of the last 6th sinter machine at Sinter Shop No 2 in H2 2021 that will lead to the maximum level of production with the minimal pollutant emissions. We are expecting good production results in H2 as well due to the increase of production levels by 6-7% during the entire 2021.” Producing capacities of ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih, which is the integrated plant, are designed to produce over 6 MTPA of steel, 5 MTPA of rolled products and 5.5 MTPA of hot metal. Source - Strategic Research Institute
Tata Steel Interest in RINL is Diversion Tactics - Protestors Hans News Service reported that Visakha Ukku Parirakshana Porata Committee, spearheading agitation against the strategic sale of Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd, Chairman Mr Narasinga Rao said that any trick is the same to kill the hen and cook it and so is the same principle applied to Visakhapatnam Steel Plant. Sharing his views on the Tata steel showing interest in acquiring Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited, he said”Inviting bids form legal advisory to assess the value of the steel plant even as the assets acquisition advisory postponed it thrice. In this backdrop, even without assessing the value of the plant, how could Tata show interest in acquiring RINL? It is nothing but diversion tactics.” According to Mr Narasinga Rao, it does not make any difference which buyer acquires the plant. He said "But once it is decided to sell the plant to whoever may bid, we will resist the sale proposed by any private company. The policies of all private companies are the same. Once it is sold to a private company, they will not implement reservations in recruitment and promotion that are constitutionally guaranteed.” Further, he stated that 90% of the employment will be reduced and many jobs will become contractual and workers will be forced to stretch for 12 hours if the plant falls into the hands of a private operator. Source - Strategic Research Institute
POSCO Seeking 64% Hike in Steel Plate Prices H2 from Shipbuilders Yonhap reported that South Korean steelmakers appear to be in the final stage of negotiations with shipbuilders over prices of steel plates, as country's largest steelmaker Posco has reportedly proposed a hike in the prices of thick steel plates to KWR 1.15 million (USD 980) per tonne, marking a sharp increase from the first half of this year when thick steel plates were sold at around KWR 700,000 per tonne, up by almost 65%.The report quoted a Posco official as saying that "We are still in negotiations and I think we can strike a deal at a reasonable level.” Steel plates account for about one-fifth of shipbuilding costs and steel makers conclude separate deals with shipbuilders over prices of steel plates every half-year. Korean shipyards achieved more than half of their annual target in the first half. Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering, the world's biggest shipbuilder by order backlog, won new orders for 156 ships and two offshore plants worth a combined USD 13.8 billion, accomplishing about 92 percent of its annual target of USD 14.9 billion. Korea Shipbuilding & Offshore Engineering is the holding company of three shipbuilders Hyundai Heavy Industries, Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries and Hyundai Mipo Dockyard. Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering and Samsung Heavy Industries achieved more than 60% of their annual order target in the first half of the year. Source - Strategic Research Institute
Sr Manager Killed in Accident at RINL VSP Steel Melt Shop YO Vizag reported that an employee of Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd’s Visakhapatnam Steel Plant died in an accident at plant on Wednesday. The deceased has been identified as M Srinivasa Rao, Senior Manager (Mechanical branch) at Visakhapatnam Steel Plant. According to the Steel Plant authorities, Mr Srinivasa Rao was in ‘A’ shift. While he was working on repairing the Steel Melt Shop-1, on a DF BAY crane, Mr Srinivasa Rao accidentally fell down from the crane and died on spot. The dead body has been shifted to King George Hospital in Visakhapatnam. A case has been registered under Steel Plant Police Station limits and an investigation is ongoing to ascertain further details about the accident. Unfortunately, this is not the first time in recent years that an accident has happened at the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant. Mr Srinivasa Rao’s tragic death again highlights the need for stronger safety standards at Visakhapatnam Steel Plant. Source - Strategic Research Institute
Majestic Steel USA Acquires Merit Steel USA Majestic Steel USA Inc announced the acquisition of the business assets of Merit Steel USA, legally known as Merit Ends and Viking Processing Corporation. Merit Steel USA is a West Coast based steel service center headquartered in Pittsburg in California with additional locations in Fontana in California and Longview in Washington. The acquisition of Merit Steel USA further expands Majestic Steel's footprint in the Western part of the United States, aligning well with Majestic's core products and end markets. Majestic recognizes Merit as a leader in the region and views this as an opportunity to continue to invest in growth and best-in-class service. With continued constraints in the supply chain, Majestic Steel USA recognizes the value of expanding its footprint to better service existing and new customers. Majestic Steel USA, founded in 1979 and headquartered in Cleveland in Ohio is a privately held and family owned distributor and processor of flat-rolled steel. Majestic serves its customers in manufacturing, construction and distribution from its network of locations throughout North America. Source - Strategic Research Institute
Severstal Increases CherMK Converter Steel Production Russian steel maker Severstal has completed a set of measures to increase the daily volume of converter steel melts from 82 to 86 at the Cherepovets Steel Works. The final project was the overhaul of the continuous casting plant No 4, UNRS-4. In particular, UNRS-4 was equipped with a new secondary cooling system, which automatically changes the cooling intensity of the cast billet depending on the casting speed, metal temperature, chemical composition of the steel grade and the width of the cast billet. Also, at UNRS-4, five-roller sections were replaced with new units with middle supports. Teams of the steelmaking production of CherMK, the directorate for investments and the directorate for repairs of Russian Steel, as well as contractors from Cherepovets: Prokatmontazh-3, RusRegionStroy, STA-electric, ASM-group. The reconstruction of the URNS-4 was carried out in 26 days 15 hours instead of the planned 32 days. Modernization of the UNRS-4 will allow to reduce the modifications due to deviations in the quality of the surface of slabs and rolled products, to increase productivity by increasing the overhaul intervals, to reduce downtime, to increase the casting speed, as well as the durability of the equipment from 1500 to 2200 heats. At Investor Day in March 2021, Severstal announced a target forecast for steel production in 2023 to13 million tonnes. Modernization of UNRS-4, along with UNRS-1, which was completed last year, is one of the sources for achieving long-term goals. In total, Severstal allocated RUB 1.5 billion to modernize these two units as part of Severstal’s comprehensive program to increase the production of high-quality steel at the Cherepovets Steel Works. Source - Strategic Research Institute
Tata Steel Signs Deal to Pay Workers Bumper Bonus The Telegraph reported that an agreement was signed between Tata Steel and the Intuc-affiliated Tata Workers’ Union, for payment of annual bonus to workers for the fiscal year 2020-2021. The total payout towards bonus for eligible employees of all applicable divisions & units of the company will be INR 270.28 crore. The average bonus amount this year is INR 1.26 lakh, with a maximum of INR 3.59 lakh for the old grade of employees. In the new grade, the maximum amount at actual attendance is INR 92,910. The minimum bonus at full attendance is INR 34,290. Further, a memorandum of agreement also been signed between the steel major and The Indian National Metal Workers’ Federation and Rashtriya Colliery Mazdoor Sangh. Total payout on account of annual bonus at coal, mines and Ferro Alloy and Minerals Division works out to INR 78.04 crore. Since a majority of Tata Steel employees draw salary/wages higher than the limit laid down in the Payment of Bonus (Amendment) Act, 2015, they are not eligible for bonus under the Act. However, respecting old traditions, the company pays a bonus to all employees in the unionised category. Source - Strategic Research Institute
China Certifies POSCO’s PosMAC Corrosion Resistant Steel Korea Bizwire reported that South Korea’s leading steelmaker POSCO’s corrosion-resistant Posco Magnesium Alloy Coating, PosMAC, is set to gain wider access in the Chinese market. PosMAC is a ternary alloy that is created by coating cold rolled or hot rolled steeled plates with three alloys zinc, magnesium and aluminum. The China Engineering Construction Standardized Association recently certified the ternary alloy coated steel product with high corrosion resistance as a suitable material that can be used for the production of stabilizers in the Chinese construction industry projects from December 2021. Until now, Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Sheets have been mainly used as stabilizer materials, but demand for alternative materials has increased due to increased longevity of buildings, demand for improved corrosion resistance, and environmental issues. However, Chinese architectural certification standards did not include the magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel sheet, so there was a limitation to use this as the stabilizer material. However, POSCO succeeded in reflecting its PosMac products into the certification standard after two years of efforts, including technical exchanges with Chinese related agencies and participating in online and offline public hearings from 2019. A stabilizer is a steel buttress that prevents pipes and other equipment within building structures from dislocation during earthquakes. Since Sichuan earthquake in 2008, Chinese government mandated the application of stabilizers to buildings, and currently stabilizers have been applying to all buildings since 2019. Source - Strategic Research Institute
Swiss Steel Group Reports Increases Profitability in Q2 of 2021 Swiss Steel Group announced that adjusted EBITDA in Q2 2021 jumped to EUR 65.4 million as compared with minus EUR 45.8 million in Q2 2020. Sales volume in Q2 2021 of 518 kilotons up by 72.1 % compared with Q2 2020 of 301 kilotons due to steady demand from the automotive industry as well as mechanical and plant engineering. Order backlog in Q2 2021 is 650 kilotons, significantly higher than in Q2 2020 by 113.8 %. Average sales price per ton in EUR 1,561.1 in Q2 2020 rises to EUR 1,621.0 in Q2 2021, significantly higher than in Q1 2021 at EUR 1,475.8 Swiss Steel Group CEO Mr Frank Koch said “In line with the execution of our transformation program, where we are making good progress, and the post COVID-19 market recovery, which continued in the second quarter of 2021, our financial performance has improved significantly. Our outlook for the year 2021 confirms a continuing trend of post COVID-19 recovery in our main end markets automotive, mechanical and plant engineering as well as energy. However, the overall economic environment is still fragile. In the automotive industry, the semiconductor supply shortage is persisting, thereby affecting the order volumes of our customers. Additionally, the supply situation on the raw material markets remains volatile. In particular on the scrap market we see a continuing trend of price increases combined with supply shortages. Finally, the COVID-19 infection rates are currently rising in most parts of the world potentially leading to a new wave of restrictions and shutdown measures. Under the assumption that our end markets remain stable and taking into consideration the seasonal effects of the third and fourth quarter, we expect to achieve adjusted EBITDA in the range of EUR 150 to EUR 180 million.” Source - Strategic Research Institute
Bangladeshi Steel Ship Breakers Default on Large Loans Bangladesh’s Daily Industry News reported that Chattogram based steel and ship breaking industry has defaulted on BDT 10,000 crore in the last eight years and banks are concerned about recovering the debt mounting every year as many businessmen have already dropped out of the steel and shipbreaking businesses. Dhaka Bank Limited Executive Vice President Mr Zahed Iqbal said “Bankers are also responsible for the whopping bad debts to the steel and shipbreaking industry. Because they approved the loans at that time without any credit assessment and risk analysis. They even competed with one another in giving loans. With the loans, most of their clients bought lands, spent it on luxuries, or siphoned off the money abroad. Bank officials are now bearing the brunt of the bad debt.” Shipbreaking industry people say bankers were lending with a free hand to everybody and to new steel and shipbreaking businessmen in 2008-2012. It seemed banks were competing to lend to the steel sector and fulfil their annual lending targets. After availing the loans, many businessmen purchased land and spent easy money on luxuries. But the 2013 international and local steel market collapse dealt the industry a heavy blow, forcing steel enterprises into huge losses. In the face of market collapse, there were cases of steel scrap selling for USD 220 per ton in the local market after buying that at USD 760 from the international market. The steel newbies then started to disappear. Not only newcomers to the steel sector, but many old enterprises became loan defaulters too. Since then, the number of defaulters has been on the rise as has the volume of steel bad debt. As per report, bad debt list includes ? Rising Steel - BDT 2,591 crore ? RSRM - BDT 1,696 crore ? Mishmak Group - BDT 1,500 crore ? Rubaiya Group - BDT 900 crore ? Maheen Enterprise - BDT 935 crore ? MAC International - BDT 800 crore ? Shah Amanat Iron Mart - BDT 600 crore ? Mabia Ship Breakers BDT 529 crore ? Ehsan Steel - BDT 484 crore ? Ambia Steel - BDT 300 crore, ? SK Steel BDT 314 crore ? Peninsula Steel - BDT 300 crore ? Peninsula Steel - BDT 250 crore ? Super Six Star - BDT 150 crore ? Benz Industries - BDT 140 crore ? Crystal Steel and Ship Breaking - BDT 135 crore ? Mostafa Steel of Mostafa Group - BDT 125 crore ? Jilani Traders - BDT 108 crore ? Hillview Ship Breaking - BDT 83 crore ? GK Steel - BDT 75 crore ? Tanha Steel - BDT 71 crore ? Rashed Iron Steel - BDT 65 crore ? Arafat Steel - BDT 60 crore ? Fortune Ship Breaking Industries - BDT 53 crore ? S Steel Enterprise - BDT 47 crore ? Shahed Ship Breaking - BDT 44 crore ? SM Steel - BDT 43 crore ? Joynal Steel - BDT 36 crore ? AK Enterprise - BDT 36 crore ? Raihan Metal - BDT 35 crore ? Shakib Steel - BDT 33 crore ? Unique Steel - BDT 26 crore ? RM Steel - BDT 24 crore ? Sultana Ship Breaking - BDT 19 crore ? Premier Steel - BDT 15 crore ? Khwaja Ajmer Ship Breaking - BDT 11 crore. Source - Strategic Research Institute
BlueScope May Reline Blast Furnace 6 at Port Kembla Steelworks As announced in February, BlueScope is exploring options for the future configuration of the Port Kembla Steelworks, once Blast Furnace No 5 comes to the end of its current operating campaign, which is expected to occur sometime between 2026 and 2030. The initial focus is on the option to reline the currently mothballed No 6 Blast Furnace. The pre-feasibility assessment is well progressed as part of a rigorous multi-stage capital investment evaluation process, with further updates to be provided during 1H FY2022. The highly indicative capital cost is around AUD 700-800 million, likely to be spent over FY2023 to FY2025. BlueScope said “This pre-feasibility work aligns with BlueScope's climate strategy and technology pathway. As part of the reline assessment, latest technologies available to reduce GHG emissions intensity will be evaluated as an integral part of the project. The strong earnings and cash flow capability of our Australian Steel Products business provides significant flexibility and optionality to adopt new technologies and iron making configurations as and when they are technically and commercially viable.” Source - Strategic Research Institute
170 Years of Steel Making at Teesside in UK Northern Echo’s Chief Features Writer Mr Chris Lloyd has gone down the mamory lane and penned 170 year long evolution of Teesside iron and steel industry in UK. Even though there is evidence of early bloomeries, the primitive furnaces used for melting the iron out of stone, on the North York Moors going back to at least Roman times. The ironstone was perhaps collected from the beaches beneath the cliffs of Cleveland, but it was regarded as being of too poor quality and too distant from a market to be worthy of serious exploitation. 1828, August 18 Mr Joseph Pease of Darlington sailed into the mouth of the River Tees and imagined a bustling seaport before him on the saltplains. He bought 520 acres, hung the world's first railway suspension bridge over the river and drove his Stockton and Darlington Railway into the new town of Middlesbrough. 1840 To make his investment pay, Mr Pease needed other industrialists on board, so he offered some cheap riverside land, a dreary waste of mud on which sailors had discharged their ballast, to Mr Henry Bolckow and Mr John Vaughan. Mr Bolckow hailed from northern Germany, but had been dealing in grain on Newcastle's Quayside for more than a decade. Mr Vaughan, a Welshman, had been in iron all his life, and was working in the trade on Newcastle Quayside. He had the brains; Mr Bolckow had the money. They married sisters, moved to Middlesbrough, concocted a convoluted plan and opened a foundry on their dreary bit of mud at Vulcan Street, near where the Transporter Bridge would be built. The Stockton & Darlington Railway was bringing coal from the south Durham coalfield down to the seaport at Middlesbrough, so Bolckow and Vaughan shipped ironstone from Grosmont, near Whitby, into Middlesbrough and sent it back to south Durham in the empty coal wagons. In 1846, at Witton Park, near Bishop Auckland, they built a blast furnaces which, fired by coal mined at their new pit at Woodifield near Crook, turned the ironstone into pig-iron. They loaded the iron back onto the railway and returned it to Middlesbrough where it was rolled into bars in their foundry, ready for export. 1850, June 5 There is a story that on this day, Mr John Marley, the engineer at the Woodifield colliery who hailed from Middridge Grange near Shildon, was rabbit shooting with Mr Vaughan on the Cleveland Hills when his foot went down a burrow and he fell. His hand went down the rabbit hole and he found the purest ironstone he had ever seen. In reality, at Vaughan's instigation, Marley had been studying Cleveland's geology in the search for the Holy Grail of a seam of rich ironstone. Having developed a theory on paper, they walked into the hills that day and were immediately proved right, a 16ft thick layer. On August 13, they started mining at Bold Venture. On August 17, they started laying a tramway to the mouth of the mine. On September 2, the first seven tons of limestone came out of the mine, down the tramway, onto the railway and up to the Witton Park furnace. Mr Bolckow and Mr Vaughan opened their Eston ironworks in 1851 with Teesside’s first blast furnace. They were followed by Joseph Pease who opened a blast furnace at Eston in 1853. The Peases also opened an ironstone mine, at Hutton Lowcross, which was connected to their Middlesbrough to Guisborough railway. That year, Mr Samuel Bernhardson attended Cleveland Agricultural Show to sell the implements he made in his foundry in Oxfordshire. He bumped into Mr John Vaughan who persuaded him to invest, and he opened his first blast furnace in 1854 at Eston. Other pioneers of the early 1850s included Mr Edgar Gilkes, an engineer on the S&DR, who joined forces with CA Leatham, Mr Pease's son-in-law - to form Tees Furnaces. Two more S&DR men, William Hopkins and Thomas Snowden, formed Teesside Ironworks, and Isaac Lowthian Bell, the son of a Newcastle ironman, started mines near Normanby and built blast furnaces at Port Clarence. Also involved were the Cochrane family of Staffordshire who built the first furnace in Ormesby.
Deel 2: 1860s THERE were more than 40 blast furnaces producing half-a-million tons of pig-iron a year and pumping out so much smoke that the sun was blotted out. Middlesbrough's population had exploded from 154 in 1831 to 19,000 in 1861. 1870 THERE were 90 blast furnaces on Teesside. Bolckow and Vaughan's first furnaces less than 20 years earlier had been 40ft high and 15ft in diameter, but the new giants were the biggest in the country, 90ft high and 30ft in diameter. Between them, they produced two million tons of iron a year, a third of the British output. The end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1874 caused iron prices to drop by 10 per cent. Wages plummeted more. Strikes broke out. Some ironworks ceased. Plus, other places like Sheffield were adopting Henry Bessemer’s new processes which blasted air through the molten pig iron to remove the impurities and to create steel, which was stronger and less brittle than iron. Teesside was in danger of being eclipsed. But in 1875, two men who had begun as puddlers in Stockton united to take over the closed West Marsh Ironworks in Middlesbrough. They were Arthur Dorman and Albert de Lande Long, and they enthusiastically adopted the new methods. 1883 NEW open hearth furnaces on Teesside, using the latest advancements, produced more than 300,000 tons of steel and consumed 6.75m tons of rock dug out of the Cleveland Hills by 10,000 miners. The River Tees became known as the “steel river”, and Dorman Long gobbled up many of the old ironmasters to become the river’s biggest steel-maker. 1890s THE mines of the Cleveland Hills gradually became exhausted – the voracious blast furnaces had consumed all they had to offer. Teesside needed to import two million tons of iron ore a year from Spain to keep the furnaces fed. 1917 WITH the war causing an iron and steel boom, Dorman Long, which employed more than 20,000 men and specialised in making steel for shell casings, invested £5.7m in the first blast furnace at Redcar. 1929 IN peacetime, demand dropped. To try to make financial sense of it all, in 1929 Dorman Long took over Bolckow Vaughan to make one super-company, the biggest iron and steel manufacturer in Britain employing 33,000 men. 1949 ESTON mine closed after 99 years, during which 63m tons of ironstone had been removed and 375 miners killed. The Great Cleveland Orefield finally finished on January 17, 1964, with the closure of North Skelton Pit. The furnaces are fully fed on foreign ore. 1967 NATIONALISATION by Harold Wilson’s government: Dorman Long became part of the British Steel Corporation, and survived the rationalisation of the industry as 14 steel producers were reduced to five. BRITISH STEEL built the largest blast furnace in Europe at Redcar, capable of producing 10,000 tons of iron a day, which went to the nearby Lackenby works to be turned into steel, and 3.3m tonnes a year. It was the only blast furnace on Teesside. The end of time MARGARET THATCHER privatised British Steel in 1988. In 1999, BS merged with a Dutch company to form Corus. In 2006, Tata of India took over, and in 2010 went bust. In 2011, Sahavirya Steel Industries of Thailand took over, restarted the blast furnace, and for a brief moment hope flickered into life, until 2015 when SSI collapsed and, after 98 years, the Redcar furnace, still the second largest in Europe, was extinguished. It would never be relit again, and this week demolition of the totemic structure Exactly 171 years after John Marley (reputedly) stumbled down a rabbit hole to spark the industry which founded Middlesbrough, the last visible symbols are being erased: the steel river has found a new course. Source - Strategic Research Institute
German mechanical engineering suffers from shortage of materials 3 Views Mechanical and plant engineering in Germany is increasingly suffering from bottlenecks of material, says industry association VDMA. "70% of companies in the mechanical engineering sector see their production significantly hampered by a shortage of materials,” says VDMA chief economist Ralph Wiechers. This is by far the highest value in three decades; the supply of electronic components and steel is particularly problematic, he adds. The situation has aggravated compared to the last survey in April, and the development was already anticipated then. At that time, more than 40% of participants in the survey were reporting shortages. Also, one in four companies saw increasing tension in the supply chains coming their way within the next three months. The shortage could also affect projects in progress for metallurgical plants, which has not been studied in detail by the latest poll. “I do assume that plant construction is affected, due to its entanglement in international supply chains,” a spokesman of the subsection for large plants engineering tells Kallanish. A working group of the subsection will convene in early September and may be able to give details about this sector later. Christian Koehl Germany
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Aedifica
Aegon
AFC Ajax
Affimed NV
ageas
Agfa-Gevaert
Ahold
Air France - KLM
Airspray
Akka Technologies
AkzoNobel
Alfen
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Allfunds Group
Almunda Professionals (vh Novisource)
Alpha Pro Tech
Alphabet Inc.
Altice
Alumexx ((Voorheen Phelix (voorheen Inverko))
AM
Amarin Corporation
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AMG
AMS
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AMT Holding
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Antonov
Aperam
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Apple
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Archos
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arGEN-X
Aroundtown SA
Arrowhead Research
Ascencio
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ASMI
ASML
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ATAI Life Sciences
Atenor Group
Athlon Group
Atrium European Real Estate
Auplata
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Axsome Therapeutics
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Baan
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Barco
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BASF SE
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Bitcoin en andere cryptocurrencies
bluebird bio
Blydenstijn-Willink
BMW
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bpost
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Facebook
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Hagemeyer
HAL
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Hedge funds: Haaien of helden?
Heijmans
Heineken
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Hitt
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Hunter Douglas
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HyGear (NPEX effectenbeurs)
HYLORIS
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IBA
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IEX Group
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IMCD
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ING Groep
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Sofina
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Stellantis
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Technicolor
Tele Atlas
Telegraaf Media
Telenet Groep Holding
Tencent Holdings Ltd
Tesla Motors Inc.
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Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
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TIE
Tigenix
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TITAN CEMENT INTERNATIONAL
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Wave Life Sciences Ltd
Wavin
WDP
Wegener
Weibo Corp
Wereldhave
Wereldhave Belgium
Wessanen
What's Cooking
Wolters Kluwer
X-FAB
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Yatra Capital Limited
Zalando
Zenitel
Zénobe Gramme
Ziggo
Zilver - Silver World Spot (USD)