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Welke REE's zijn er zoal te vinden...........
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ElementUses in Modern Technology Cerium (Ce)catalytic converters for diesel engines Praseodymium (Pr) an alloying agent for aircraft engines Neodymium (Nd) a key component of high-efficiency magnets and hard disc drives Lanthanum (La) a major ingredient for hybrid car batteries Samarium (Sm)lasers and nuclear reactor safety Promethium (Pm)portable X-rays and a nuclear battery Gadolinium (Gd)shielding for nuclear reactors, compact discs Dysprosium (Dy)improves the efficiency of hybrid vehicle motors Terbium (Tb)a component in low-energy light bulbs Erbium (Er)fiber optics Europium (Eu) used in flat screen displays and lasers Holmium (Ho)nuclear control rods, ultra-powerful magnets Thulium (Tm) lasers, portable X-rays Ytterbium (Yb)monitoring equipment for earthquakes Lutetium (Lu)oil refining
CERIUM is the most abundant of the rare earths and previous drilling at a South Australian prospect hit ore containing up to 1.2 per cent of that metal. It is used in glass polishing, lighting, as a catalyst in petroleum production and has applications in the nuclear sector.
Investors believe end nigh for cult stock Molycorp Frik Els | March 17, 2015 Investors believe end nigh for cult stock Molycorp Stock of Molycorp (NYSE: MCP) dropped by a third on Tuesday after fourth quarter and full year numbers from the rare earth miner provided a few nasty surprises to the Colorado company's long-suffering investors. Molycorp, a speculators' favourite and highly volatile share which regularly featured among the NYSE top traded stocks, plunged 33.5% in heavy volumes after the release of the results which came in below expectations. The company reported a wider than expected loss loss for the quarter and a net loss of $2.70 per share for the 2014 financial year. After briefly topping $1 a share in February – the threshold for keeping its listing on the New York Stock Exchange – Molycorp was exchanging hands for $0.49 on Tuesday, down 90% compared to this time last year for a market value of $120.5 million. Falling sales volumes and soft pricing more than cancelled out strong operational performance The share topped out in May 2011 at $74.22 a share and a $6.3 billion worth.
China to become net importer of some rare earths Mining.com reported that China produces more than 85% of the global supply of rare earths and the country is also the largest consumer. After hitting the stratosphere in 2011 prices have been decimated. And a surge in exports from China since a ruling by the WTO deemed the country's export quotas illegal and particularly after the lifting of exports tariffs in May last year, caused a further slide. The price index for the 17 elements compiled by China's Rare Earth Industry Association hit six-year lows hit in September 2015 and have been bobbing around these levels since then. A new report by Adamas Intelligence, a rare metal research firm, says since 2011, the market has suffered large-scale demand destruction. "By 2025 China’s domestic demand for neodymium oxide for permanent magnets alone is poised to exceed global production" According to the Adamas outlook for rare earth demand from 2016 through 2025 over the past five years upwards of 30,000 tonnes of annual rare earth oxide demand were lost due end-users’ growing concerns over supply security. On top of that more than 20,000 tonnes were lost as a result of the ongoing phase out of several mature technologies, such as fluorescent lamps, NiMH batteries, and hard disk drives used in PCs. According to the authors following the lengthy and painful adjustment, the REE market will return to strong global demand growth for a number of rare earth elements including neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, and lanthanum. The resulting rise in price will help "sustain the profitability and growth of today’s dominant producers, and incentivize continued investment in exploration and resource development globally": REE demand will boom from 2020 onwards as growth rates of top end-use categories including electric vehicles, wind turbines and other hi-tech applications accelerate. Among the high-level findings of the report: 1. Government-led initiatives will fuel over half of all new demand growth through 2025 2. Global rare earth demand has become inextricably and inadvertently linked to government policies, regulations, mandates, and initiatives concerning electric mobility, clean power generation, energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions, urbanization, and industry modernization. Looking ahead, we forecast that over 50% of all new global rare earth demand growth over the coming ten years will be directly or indirectly driven by government-led actions. 3. China will become a net importer of certain rare earths by 2025 4. As China’s insatiable demand for rare earth elements continues to grow over the coming ten years, China’s domestic production will struggle to keep up in all scenarios examined herein, leading the nation to become a net importer of certain rare earths at the expense of the rest of the world’s supply security. In fact, by 2025 China’s domestic demand for neodymium oxide for permanent magnets alone is poised to exceed total global production of neodymium oxide by 9,000 tonnes in our base case scenario, highlighting the imminent need for additional sources of supply. 5. The market calls for development of a new mine every year by 2025 6. From 2016 through 2020 demand for neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, and lanthanum will grow relatively strongly, but, from 2020 through 2025 the rate of global demand growth for these rare earths will accelerate year-over-year, resulting in major annual demand increases by 2025 that can only be satisfied by the continuous and accelerated development of new mines. 7. In-lieu of conventional sources of capital, China will become a major investor in development of foreign rare earth resources 8. As the supply and demand sides of the global rare earth market continue to evolve on dichotomous paths, and China comes to terms with the fact that domestic demand will soon outgrow domestic production, we believe China’s investments in development of foreign rare earth resources will rapidly accelerate should conventional sources of capital continue to ignore the rare earth industry. Evidence of this likely outcome is already emerging. Source : Mining.com
Philippine University to study potential of rare-earth elements Manila Times reported that University of the Philippines is set to embark on a survey that could lead to the exploration, development and commercial production of scandium deposits and other rare-earth elements in the country. Mr Carlo Arcilla director at the UP National Institute for Geological Sciences, said that his agency was working with the Department of Science and Technology (DoST) to identify scandium-rich areas. He said that “Our aim this year is to determine the level of scandium concentrates. The process of isolation will be part two of the research. We have a very good chance of becoming big on scandium.” With PHP 10 million in funding from the DoST, UP will study the economic potential of scandium in nickel-rich areas of Palawan, Surigao, Zambales and Mindoro. Scandium, along with other rare-earth elements, is dubbed the “metal of the future” and a “strategic mineral” because of its uses in the development of weapons guidance systems and “space-age technologies.” Rare-earth elements are immensely valuable and, even in small quantities, can drastically change the properties of materials. This makes them irreplaceable in the manufacture of wind turbines, cars, computers, smartphones and other high-tech applications. Despite their name, rare earth elements are relatively plentiful in the earth’s crust. They are not particularly rare, but are difficult to separate from each other. The principal concentrations of rare-earth elements are associated with uncommon varieties of igneous rocks. Potentially useful concentrations of rare earth-bearing minerals are also in placer deposits, residual deposits formed from deep weathering of igneous rocks, pegmatites, iron-oxide copper-gold deposits, and marine phosphates. Mr Arcilla is hopeful the result of the research will pave way for a government policy on the development of a downstream industry for rare-earth elements. Even without a downstream industry, however, the occurrence of scandium in nickel ores can potentially give miners higher values for ores shipped to China. He said that “If we can detect very high content [of scandium], then the next phase will be how to try to recover it with existing technologies. If it can’t be recovered, too bad. But if we can do something, then we might be able to prevent the export of raw ores and then increase the value added.” UP plans to discuss the matter with the Chamber of Mines of the Philippines and mining companies for possible partnerships and funding for research on scandium and other rare-earth elements. Source : Manila Times
'Vrijwel onuitputtelijke voorraad bijzondere metalen bij Japans atol' GISTEREN, 23:29 AANGEPAST 08:43BUITENLAND, TECH WMO– FLICKR/CREATIVE COMMONS/BY-NC-ND 2.0 Japanse onderzoekers hebben in de zeebodem rond een atol in de Stille Oceaan een vrijwel onuitputtelijke hoeveelheid bijzondere en waardevolle metalen ontdekt. In de modder rond het koraaleiland Minamitorishima, ook bekend als Marcus Island, zit meer dan 16 miljoen ton aan zeldzame metalen dat gebruikt kan worden in mobieltjes, elektrische voertuigen en kernreactoren, schatten de onderzoekers. Vermoedens over de waarde van de modder rond Minamitorishima bestaan al sinds 2013. Door de vondst zou de wereld honderden jaren vooruit kunnen. Minamitorishima is het meest oostelijke deel van Japan. Het koraaleiland ligt op ruim 1200 kilometer van het dichtstbijzijnde andere Japanse eiland. Minamitorishima LF De onderzoekers zeggen dat ze ook een methode hebben gevonden om de zeldzame ertsen uit de modder te isoleren. Ze publiceerden hun bevindingen in het natuurwetenschappelijk tijdschrift Scientific Reports. Als het verhaal klopt, wordt de rest van de wereld door deze vondst minder afhankelijk van China. Dat is nu nog de belangrijkste leverancier van metalen die voor deze toepassingen nodig zijn.nos.nl/artikel/2227076-vrijwel-onuitp...
-Japanse vondst van bijzonder metaal vooral geopolitiek handig VANDAAG, 13:10 AANGEPAST OM 14:08BUITENLAND AFP GESCHREVEN DOOR Mitchell van de Klundert redacteur Online "Vrijwel onuitputtelijk", noemen Japanse onderzoekers de vondst van een stel bijzondere metalen in de modder rond het eiland Minamitorishima. Het materiaal is geschikt voor tal van technologische toepassingen, zoals hybride auto's, oplaadbare batterijen en windturbines. Volgens de onderzoekers is de rits aan metalen, waarvan yttrium (Y), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb) en dysprosium (Dy) de belangrijkste zijn, goed voor respectievelijk 400 tot bijna 800 jaar aan wereldwijde vraag. Dat klinkt veelbelovend, maar de vondst doet groter vermoeden dan deze daadwerkelijk is. "Ja, een groter aanbod van de zeldzame metalen is een goede zaak, want ze zijn belangrijk voor de productie van bijvoorbeeld magneten voor elektrische auto's", zegt Ton Bastein, grondstoffenexpert bij TNO. "Maar er is absoluut geen tekort aan deze metalen. Er zat al voor duizenden jaren in de grond." Er is absoluut geen tekort aan deze metalen. Er zat al voor duizenden jaren in de grond. Ton Bastein, TNO-expert voor circulaire economie en grondstoffen Ook Leo Kriegsman, geoloog bij Naturalis, houdt nog even een slag om de arm. "Het zijn elementen die we veel gebruiken en het is nog niet klaar om geëxploiteerd te worden. Het zou gaan om 16 miljoen ton, maar in China ligt een reserve van 40 miljoen ton", zegt hij in het NOS Radio 1 Journaal. 98 procent in China China was tot nu toe het enige land met grote hoeveelheden bijzondere metalen. Ton Bastein beschreef die afhankelijkheidspositie in 2015 al in een kwetsbaarheidsanalyse voor het ministerie van Economische Zaken. De afhankelijkheid van de metalen yttrium, europium, terbium en dysprosium wordt daarin als 'kritiek' bestempeld voor toepassingen in schone energie. 98 procent van de wereldwijde hoeveelheid is in handen van China. De vondst in Japan kan dit veranderen, zegt Bastein. "Als het tot echte mijnbouw komt, dan zou dat de afhankelijkheid van China verminderen. In principe zou een tweede land waar de metalen vandaan kunnen komen, goed nieuws zijn. Maar dan moet de winning dus nog wel lukken." Om de bijzondere metalen uit de zeeklei te trekken, moet materiaal van ver worden aangevoerd. Het Japanse vasteland ligt namelijk op 2000 kilometer. Toch zijn de Japanse onderzoekers positief. "De mogelijkheid om ze op efficiënte wijze te winnen neemt toe en we zijn een stap dichter bij het realiseren van de ontwikkeling van deze hulpbron", zegt een van de onderzoekers tegen een Japanse krant. Minamitorishima LF Minamitorishima WMO– FLICKR/CREATIVE COMMONS/BY-NC-ND 2.0 Het gebied rond het eiland Minamitorishima is natuurlijk maar een klein deel van de totale Stille Oceaan. De vondst roept daarom vooral de vraag op of er niet nog veel meer metalen op de zeebodem liggen. Kriegsman: "Aan de ene kant sturen we mensen naar de ruimte, maar op dit moment weten we eigenlijk nog relatief weinig van de oceaanbodem, en dat is 70 procent van het aardoppervlakte. Daar valt nog gigantisch veel te ontdekken."nos.nl/artikel/2227136-japanse-vondst...
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